Theoretical Framework (Chapter 2)

What is theoretical framework?

Resultado de imagen para marco teorico 

The theoretical framework of the study is a structure that can hold or support a theory of  a reseach work. 

Theories: are constructed  in order to explain, predict and master phenomena ( relationship, events, or the behavior) in many instances we are constructing models of reality. in other words, theoretical fraework provides a rationale for predictionsabout the relationship among vatiables of a research study. 

Resultado de imagen para marco teoricoIt provides a context for examining a problem theoretical rationale for: 
Developing hypotheses 
A frame of reference/base for: 
Observation.
Definitions of concepts
Reseach designs
Interpretations.Generalizations

 Serves as a guide to systematically identify logical, precisely defined relationship variables


Cases and Variables.

Cases are objects whose behavior or characteristics we study. Usually, the cases are persons. But they can also be groups, departments, organizations, etc. They can also be more esoteric things like events (e.g., meetings), utterances, pairs of people, etc.

Variables are characteristics of cases. They are attributes. Qualities of the cases that we measure or record. For example, if the cases are persons, the variables could be sex, age, height, weight, feeling of empowerment, math ability, etc. Variables are called what they are because it is assumed that the cases will vary in their scores on these attributes. For example, if the variable is age, we obviously recognize that people can be different ages. Of course, sometimes, for a given sample of people, there might not be any variation on some attribute. For example, the variable 'number of children' might be zero for all members of this class. It's still a variable, though, because in principle it could have variation.

In any particular study, variables can play different roles. Two key roles are independent variables and dependent variables. Usually there is only one dependent variable, and it is the outcome variable, the one you are trying to predict. Variation in the dependent variable is what you are trying to explain. For example, if we do a study to determine why some people are more satisfied in their jobs than others, job satisfaction is the dependent variable.

The independent variables, also known as the predictor or explanatory variables, are the factors that you think explain variation in the dependent variable. In other words, these are the causes. For example, you may think that people are more satisfied with their jobs if they are given a lot of freedom to do what they want, and if they are well-paid. So 'job freedom' and 'salary' are the independent variables, and 'job satisfaction' is the dependent variable. 




In this class, also we saw a video that was really interesting to my eyes because it mentioned all the possible problems that can give it at the moment to teach a group of students who want to learn a second language that's why of the video's name: Teaching English without teaching English. 

The person that was speaking gaves some reason of why most of students don't want to speak in English, as a teacher must create an enviroment of confidence where they feel encourage by using the target language.It should be good that every teacher can take into account all the advices that he gives in order to improve the learning process in the students 
Resultado de imagen para teaching english without teaching english

Comentarios

Publicar un comentario

Entradas populares de este blog

Session 5

Imagen
Session 5  This class was dinamic because the classmates were able to show their class based on the method that had been assigned, I could observe that  some activities involve the most students to participate, so  i really liked some activities. I think that learning process of a second language is a path where is shaped for the right curriculum, activities, homework,  and finally a good method for developing each class as well as a teacher who gives a meaningful teaching. There are many methods that can be mixed up by giving a class but there are others that is up to the level of the English that students have. 1. Presentation, Practice, and Production (PPP) Presentation: An introductory activity such as a warm up or a lead-in, which in activity intended to raise students´ interest in the topic some activities in this stage are: brainstorming, choral repetition, Placing word into context. Practice: Teachers provides opportunities for students to practice the learnt items in
Leer más

Fundation of Methodology (Session 4)

Imagen
Session 4  Fundation of Methodology Trough the history teachers have asked for what is the right method for teaching a second language in order to get the competencies in the target language, Teachers need to know the meaning of the each concept regarding to methodology for putting them  in practice by doing the curriculum and lesson plan as well, So it is necessary to give the meaning of Methodology, Approach, Method, and Techniques. Mehodology The study of pedagogical practices on general (including theoretical underpinnings and ralated reseach) Whatever considerations are involved in "how to teach" are methodological. Approach  Theoretical positions and beliefs about the nature of language, the nature of language learning, and the applicability of both to pedagogical settings. Method:   A generalized set of classroom specifications for accomplishing linguistic Objectives. Methods tend to be primarily concerned with teacher and students roles and be
Leer más

Working with Competences in the ESL/EFL Classroom (Session 3}

Imagen
Working with Competences in the ESL/EFL Classroom  There are two types of competences that students may have. So, teachers should develop a lesson plan regarding to the previous knowledge of the srudents  already have. The first one is generic competence, What does it mean? This is relate to students who have an innate ability of something or we can say a talent of a specific task. for instance, playing the piano or singing songs. It is mean to perform an action or function properly or successfully also it is called as basic competence. The second one is the disiplinary competencies where students learn what they need in a course, or in a life. So, if we talk about in learning a second language. students should learn the basic macro skills such as listening, reading, speaking and writing in a real setting. therefore, teacher must develop a good curriculum by showing  grammar rules, pronunciation, and techniques for reading. in other words students learn how to
Leer más