Bloom's Taxonomy

BLOOM'S TAXONOMY


Bloom's taxonomy was developed to provide a common language for teachers to discuss and exchange learning and assessment methods. Specific learning objectives can be derived from the taxonomy, though it is most commonly used to assess learning on a variety of cognitive levels.

 There are three main domains of learning 

  •  Cognitive: mental skills (Knowledge/thinking)
  • Affective: growth in feelings or emotional areas (attitude or self) (emotion/feeling)
  • Psychomotor: manual or physical skills (Physical/Kinesthetic.
All teachers should know about them and use them to construct lessons. It is important that teachers take into account each domain of learning in order that students can achieve the objective of their learning process.

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Undertanding that taxonomy and classification are synonymous help dispel uneasiness with the term. Bloom's taxonomy is a multi-tires model of classifying thinking according to six cognitive levels of complexity. Throughout the years, the levels have often been despicted as a stairway. leading many teachers to encourage their students to climb to higher (level of) thought. The lowest three levels are: knowledge, comprehension, and application. The highest three levels are: analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. The Taxonomy is hierarchical; each level is subsumed by the higher level. in other words, a student functioning at the application level has also mastered the material at the knowledge and comprehension levels. 

Knowledge: the ability to recall or organize data/ information.
Comprehension: the ability to understand and to grasp the meaning of information.
Application: the ability to use learned information in a new situation.
Analysis: the ability to break down material into its parts so that its organizational. structure may be undertood.
Synthesis: the ability to put parts together to form a new whole. 
Evaluation: the ability to judge the value or importance of material 
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The Affective Domain

Affective objectives can also be divided into a hierarchy (according to Krathwohl). This area is concerned with feelings or emotions. Again, the taxonomy is arranged from simpler feelings to those that are more complex. This domain was first described in 1964 and as noted before is attributed to David Krathwohl as the primary author.

  • Receiving: this refers to the learner's sensitivity to the existence of stimuli.
  • Responding: this refers to the learners' atenttion to stimuli and his/her motivation to learn in feeling satisfaction.
  • Valuing: this refers to the learner's beliefs and attitude of worth
  • Organization: .this refers to the learner's internalization of values and beliefs involving.
  • Characterization: the internalization of values.


The Psychomotor Domain


Psychomotor objectives are those specific to discreet physical functions, reflex actions and interpretive movements. Traditionally, these types of objectives are concerned with the physically encoding of information, with movement and/or with activities where the gross and fine muscles are used for expressing or interpreting information or concepts. This area also refers to natural, autonomic responses or reflexes.


Who was Benjamin Bloom?


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Benjamon Bloom (February 21,1913/ September 13, 1999) was an American educational Psychologist who made significant contributions to the classification of educational objectives and the theory of mastery learning. his research , which showed that educational settings and home environments  can foster human potential, trasformed education.








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